Ipad vs. Galaxy Tablet

When you want to surf the Internet, what gadgets do you most commonly use: laptop computers, smart phones, or cell phones? Nowadays, many people have smart phones and laptops. However, we now also have access to tablets. So now we will compare two of the newest most commonly used tablets. One is the new iPad, manufactures by Apple, and the other is the Galaxy tablet note 10. 1, by Samsung. The tablets are quite expensive, the iPad is however priced at $629 and the galaxy note is $499. Both are high-resolution tablets.One can get normal usage out of the two if the batteries are fully charged. The main difference lies in the operating software and various other features, one being iOS whereas the latter is android. First of all we will examine the size. The new iPad is 9. 50 inches high and 7. 31 inches wide. On the other hand, the Galaxy note is 10. 3 inches high and 7. 1 inches wide. Hence, the Galaxy note is a bit bigger than the iPad. These sizes are almost half of a laptop. But th e depths of the tablet are very different from a laptop.Galaxy note is a little thinner than the iPad. Moreover, there are great differences in their connections; the Galaxy note has a USB port whereas the iPad does not. The iPad supports 3G Internet, 4G Internet and Wi-Fi Internet, none of which are supported by the Galaxy note. Another important aspect of the two is their respective weights. The new iPad is 1. 44 pounds whereas the Galaxy note is 1. 31 pounds. These are like 20 oz. plastic bottles of water. This makes the iPad a little heavier than the Galaxy note.It is a small difference but it plays a big role because tablets are used frequently and are very useful. They are supposed to be portable for daily use and flexible usage. Finally, we will focus on their prices and critique some reviews. Both these devices have a rating of 4. 5. However, the Galaxy note is priced at a reasonable rate and is more affordable. According to phonearena. com â€Å"From a distance, the two lo ok similar to one another, but once we’re able to grasp both in our hands, the new iPad is able to deliver the impactful wow factor thanks to its premium feel.Well, it’s not to say that the Samsung Galaxy Tab 10. 1 isn’t a bad looker, especially when it’s the lighter and slightly thinner tablet, but its all-plastic body doesn’t have the allure to match the impeccable industrial design of the iPad. † After analyzing all these facts I would say that the iPad is any day better because of its superior features and premium construction. However, it’s a person choice which one they prefer to use as the Galaxy is no far behind in the market either.It all depends on the person’s comfort level and personal choice. In conclusion, As per my personal opinion I would choose the iPad first but since it’s a little more expensive I would be inclined to choose the Galaxy note. We have to consider company value and accessories when choosin g a new gadget. We should also check out reviews on amazon. com and other ‘technology geeks’ websites to have a better understanding of what we are spending our money on.

Effective writing Essay

Effective writing is very important when writing an essay because it helps us explore our thoughts and feelings about a certain topic. Especially when you have so many essays you must write during the years in college, you must know how to use different writing such as persuasive or informative skills to accomplish good writing. There are so many different writing elements to use but you must understand these skills to achieve good paper potential. When it comes to having different type of writing skills, there is a lot to know which ones are important to remember. Writing is not only for school but it is where you can express your thoughts by using strong writing skills and techniques. I think effective elements of academic writing is having a strong thesis, good supporting details, and knowing your audience because this will create your paper. Having a strong thesis is the main point of an academic paper. It is where you have a quick summary on what you are trying to inform or support for your whole paper. A thesis is the statement you put in your introduction where you discuss what your paper is going to be about which is very significant to build well. Read more:  How to write a good thesis for a synthesis essay. Your thesis is very important because it is where your reader will understand in the beginning what your paper will be about. The introduction paragraph is a very important part of the essay, and the thesis is a main part in the introduction for the reader. The thesis drives the essay from the beginning because it hooks the audience. As a student, I ahave learned that building a strong thesis is very important because it has to be very specific on what you will be explaing about further on the paper. It has helped me start my paper with a guideline, that I must support my thesis during the whole essay. Although all the paragraphs in the essay are academically important, the introductions take a very big part of it due to the thesis. For example, when you start a research paper and pick your topic you must determine your working thesis. Your thesis will be mostly based on your synthesis on what you have found in research, class, or even experiences. The thesis can be a struggle to make at first but once you achieve a working thesis, then the flow of your paper will be easier. Your thesis may change during the time you write your paper because of many ideas that will pop in your head during writing. The thesis is very detailed to where a five year old child would know what you will be trying to inform in your paper. When writing different types of essays where you would need put good supporting detail, you have to have credible sources. The supporting detail can be known as different terms such as, information, and evidence that will add more information, and then supports the idea or claim. Back to the last paragraph of a thesis, the supporting details â€Å"support† the thesis with proven information in which you research for. When you are writing a research paper, the supporting details come to a play, and you must have very detailed information to support your research. Supporting details is not always to give detailed information, but also to support you point in your paper. The term sounds so simple to do but the concept in having good supporting detail is so important in many types of writing or speaking. The supporting detail comes after the topic sentence in each paragraph. It is like the structure of the body paragraphs because you must use good support to make up the body paragraphs. It not only makes the paragraph but supports the main idea of the paragraph which supports your thesis also. Your details also must be very relevant to your main point and thesis, you cannot just write unintellectual facts to put in your paper. In other words, you have to realize that in writing you should avoid unnecessary words and to also avoid on focusing on the wrong this in your paper. Good writers probably spend a lot of time in providing supporting evidence and information about their topic for their paper. A good writer’s focus is to provide supporting details for your arguments in a form of facts, data, opinions, anecdotes, reasons, and proofs. Another valuable element to put in your writing is to know your audience. When writing your essay, it is to determine what the audience is looking for in your writing. To produce a good piece of essay you must not only know your audience but also you have to become your own audience. You must see what you are writing and what your audience might compel to it, or understand it. You have to make sure you understand your reader’s expectation, how they might react to your paper, and if they’re going to understand you whole point of your essay. Knowing your audience helps you make decisions about what information to include in your paper, how you should arrange your paper, and what kind of supporting detail you might use for your paper to have the audience to understand. When writing an academic paper, you also must remember that your instructor will not only be the audience you will have. While it is important to know that your instructor is your audience and you must meet requirements in your writing, you should consider the intended audience that might read your paper. In order to effectively plan and write your paper, you must know who your audience is, and what specific needs they might have. The best place to understand is to read your professors hand outs and also their prompt. All three of these writing elements I believe is very important to use in academic writing. To use and understand a strong thesis, good supporting detail, and knowing your audience correctly, the paper would work out smoothly. There are so many different writing uses that can comply to writing a good paper, but having a strong thesis is a main part in your paper which I inform during this whole essay. Also having good supporting details make the essay enjoyable to read and builds it. Finally knowing your audience is a strong source to use when writing the essay because you would know how to write it due to who is reading your paper. Writing is very difficult when you doing know what type of writing elements to use and understand some of these might help you write a good paper.

Role of the Gods in the Odyssey

Religion has always been an important part of culture, in present times and even dating back to the times of the Trojan War and before. No matter what religion a person practices or believes in the role of the certain gods believed in has always been important. In three separate pieces we have read we have seen the importance of the gods, or God, play a key role in the development of the literature. In Homer’s epic poem The Odyssey, the gods are key in Odysseus’ return to Ithaca after twenty years. Whether it is helping Odysseus or delaying him, they play a major role in the development of the story.In Psalm 139, the scripture passage taken from the Bible, God is a very obvious factor. Even in the poem by William Owen â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† God again plays a major role once we dive deeper than the words are saying. The role of the gods, or singular God in Catholicism, plays a key role, sometimes unspoken, part. In The Odyssey we see in the first book three m ajor gods that make an immediate impact on Odysseus’ journey home. Zeus, Athena, and Poseidon all are important in their own way in either helping Odysseus or trying to stop him.Zeus, king of the gods, is characterized as a mediator between Athena and Poseidon, the former helping Odysseus and the latter trying to stop him from reaching home. Athena does all she can to help out the mortal Odysseus, even appearing to him and his son Telemachus in disguise to point them in the right direction. Poseidon, however, hates Odysseus for blinding his son and tries his hardest on multiple occasions to kill Odysseus and his men. Zeus, for being king of the gods, does not have the most important religious role in this epic poem.He is mostly seen as a babysitter between Athena and Poseidon, allowing Athena to help Odysseus but at the same time punishing the people who help out Odysseus. At one point, after Poseidon voiced his anger, he turns a Phaeacian ship to stone right when it returns because they helped Odysseus return home. His only involvement with Odysseus seems to be when he is trying to please both Athena and Zeus. Athena is a very key character in this poem. She takes a liking to the human Odysseus because of the intelligence and cunning that he naturally has. She personally gets involve in the lives of Telemachus and Odysseus by coming hem in disguise and helping them throughout their separate journeys. The grey-eyed goddess, as she is referred to many times, is responsible for setting Telemachus on the path to find out more about his father, and gives him the courage to stand up to the suitors who have invaded his father’s house. The goddess is seen helping Odysseus in almost every book, most notably the last four where she gives him strength when fighting the suitors, helping Odysseus and Telemachus reach Laertes’ house peacefully, and even makes the suitor’s parents forget about their children’s deaths and restores peace to Ithaca.Athena makes the homecoming of Odysseus a happy one, helping him and his family time and time again so that they are reunited. Poseidon, god of the sea, holds a nasty grudge against Odysseus throughout the story. Odysseus, after the famous â€Å"Nobody† trick, foolishly tells the Cyclopes Polyphemus his name as he is sailing away after blinding him. Poseidon, who is Polyphemus’ father, is outraged that a mortal blinded his son, and take it upon himself to make sure Odysseus never gets back home. Poseidon causes storms to break Odysseus’ boats and kill his men, while wrecking havoc on Odysseus just about every chance he gets.He goes so far that he asks Zeus to sink the Phaeacians ship, a race of people who adore Poseidon. Poseidon holds a major grudge against Odysseus, however he cannot stop him from reaching home. In the Christian scripture passage Psalm 139; taken from the Bible, we see that God has many of the same characteristics on the gods in The Ody ssey. It is described in the scripture passage that God has a perfect knowledge of all of us, which draws the comparison to the gods of Ancient Greece. God knows everything there is to know about us and what we are doing; he is all seeing and all powerful.Much like the gods of Ancient Greece sitting high above everyone on Mount Olympus, they see everything that is happening below them. Another powerful comparison is the unseen god factor. God always sees us, as humans though we never see him, much like when Odysseus and Telemachus see Athena; she is always disguised, never showing her true form. Zeus never appears, he sends his messages in forms of eagles, as signs to be interrupted by humans, much like God uses miracles to show his presence and existence. We are presented with two separate pieces of literature that have very similar comparisons in religion.Wilfred Owen’s famous poem â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† actually makes no mention of religion in it, but it is obv ious to see that whatever god you pray to has no part in wars and stopping the death and violence. It brings us to ask ourselves the question of why would any god let these atrocities happen? British citizens not fighting in World War 1 thought that these men were dying heroic deaths, but Owen gives us an insight into how badly these men suffered when they went off to war. The gruesome deaths, the never ending violence and having to watch a comrade die are just a few of the horrible things that are seen in this poem.It leads us to belive that war is not worth it, in any sense, and that a sensible god would not allow it. Odysseus, after ten years of fighting the Trojans and seeing many of his close friends die, then had to suffer for an additional ten years. The men in World War 1 signed up for their own premature deaths, and there was no religious power to stop these cruel actions. All three of these pieces give us significant insight on our Common Core questions. However, it ties i n most importantly to our understanding of what it means to be human.Most obvious in all three pieces we see the â€Å"human† aspects of our lives, the fact that we can die while gods or God cannot. We are not as powerful as gods or God, we cannot control our fate, and it is already written out for us by whomever we pray to in each respective religion. We must make the most of the time and life we are given because we do not have a long time on this planet. To be human means that we must be able to recognize our own abilities, our own strengthens and weaknesses, and know that there is a higher power controlling our fate.

Legal Perspectives of International Football Essay

Legal Perspectives of International Football - Essay Example The first role as can be deduced from the above definition is the fact that the player's agent is charged with the responsibility of introducing a player with a club so as to negotiate an employment contract of the player with the club(of course at a fee). He is often paid by the club for bringing the player to accept a contract with the club. This is the only channel of payment recommended meaning that the agent is working for the club to sign up competent players with the club. However, at the same time, the player's agent is also working for the player negotiating for his terms and conditions for the contract with the club in which case the player can also pay the agent. These double payments are common but they have happened as shall be seen from the example to be illustrated in a little while. FIFA forbids player's agents from working for two parties when negotiating a transfer or an initial sign up of a player but the FIFA laws are not very clear hence reason why we have witnes sed some double payments especially in Wayne Rooney's transfer in 2004. It can be recalled that Wayn... Paul Stretford was paid by Manchester united football club for delivering the 18 year old able striker from Everton to the Club (Manchester United) and the amount was promised to hit 1.5 million if Rooney stayed at the United's Old Trafford for 5 years. Rooney on his part also paid Paul Stretford, his agent, for his role of negotiating his contract terms of 50,000/week (Conn, 2004). In defence of Rooney's act of receiving payments from both parties in a single transfer the, Andrin Cooper, the FA spokesperson, said that he did not consider the act a breech to the FIFA regulations because the regulations did not in any way outlaw payments made by both the club and the player. This therefore represents and at the same time amplifies the fact that the law form FIFA about agents may seem to be clear but it is not clear at all. FIFA regards the role of the player's agent to be mainly that of persuading his player to join a club, the work for which he gets paid by the club. It should me noted that the federation, FIFA, therefore in this accord regards the above role as very much separate from negotiating the players terms with the club in the same transfer. The two roles, though separated by FIFA, are inseparable because they are dependent in that the player will not accept to join a club (for the agent to be paid the player must accept to join the club) if his persona l conditions are not taken care by the club in the contract, an issue that the player's agent ensures through an active and engaging negotiation with the club owners. Therefore, at all times, the player's agents have been carrying out the role of getting the player to sign up for a given club but this role depends on another implied role of getting the club to accept to the terms of the player

Art history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Art history - Essay Example In order to compare the difference in sculpture and painting, the references have been taken from Zollner (1998) and Sandri (1997). Zollner discusses the Three Graces from a contextual point of view making the Three Graces as a pious symbol of expectation in the form of painting while Sandri stresses a critical stance on the subject of the Three Graces merely defining them as a subject of art which is in the form of sculpture. The author Zollner has appointed a descriptive way of discussing the painting of Three Graces. The medium of the painting is oil canvas that beholds the three ladies wearing their respective attires. These attires, however, been avoided in sculpture. Along with the discussion of the painting in the address of Zollner, he also provides significance of theme of the Three Graces. The colour of the three ladies is blended in the painting because of the possibility of using variety of strokes by the painter. This is far different in the case of sculpture as it is made up of white marble (ZÃ ¶llner). On the other hand, the author Sandri has critically discussed the Three Graces depiction into sculpture. In the following image, it can easily be noted that the true essence for which the three ladies were named as chastity, joy and love is missing from the sculpture. The clarity of bodily shape is missing and so the expression of chastity. However, it can be well asserted that it is not an easy to task for an artist to create a sculpture that gives enhancement to each feature. On comparison, it comes quiet easier to note that painting as well as sculptor makes use of support that each girl takes by putting hands on each other’s shoulder. This is one common aspect other than the front and back nude carving of the bodies of the Three Graces. The factor of using adjunct lines and outlines in the painting is quite evident. This is lesser in the case of sculpture because it provides a three dimensional experience to the art

The Two Parties, Schwazzeneggar and Gay Marriage Essay

The Two Parties, Schwazzeneggar and Gay Marriage - Essay Example As the paper declares federalism is the system whereby certain portfolios are designated under State authority while others such as defense are under the Federal Government’s control. The FEMA has been subject to sharp criticism on account of its bungling and mismanagement of the Katrina disaster which struck on August 29th, highlighted especially in the incident at the Convention Center in New Orleans where 25,000 people remained stranded for four days before they were rescued. This essay explores that the State of California was the first to propose legalizing gay marriage. People were up in arms immediately, with church leaders and fundamentalist Christians opposing the move as being unnatural and demonic, etc. But this act is only the natural extension of the right to freedom which is granted to all America’s citizens under the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. The right of the individual is being reinforced through the issue of gay marriage, wherein an individual may choose to love whom he wants and marry whomsoever he pleases. The bottom line is the individual freedom of choice. One of the first arguments we hear from those oppose gay marriage is that it is unnatural. To that, we might retort, unnatural from whose point of view? Marriage essentially involves the two people concerned, are they not the best persons to judge whom they want to live with, even if it happens to be a person of the same sex?

HBR 6 - Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

HBR 6 - - Case Study Example Consequently, companies depend upon these executives too much and their departure can cost a company all its success. The bossy and non-cooperative style of the overachieving executives demotivates other organizational personnel. As opposed to such bossy style of leadership driven by the excessive motivation for achievement in the executives, the authors have identified directive, visionary, affiliative, participative, pacesetting, and coaching styles of leadership as the ones that can help an executive manager motivate organizational personnel. None of these leadership styles can be established as better or worse than the other as each has its own pros and cons. The hypothesis of this article is that overachieving managers can only bring short term success for a company and fail to develop rapport with other organizational personnel. Another hypothesis of this article is that in order to ensure long term success of a company, it is imperative that the executives place more emphasis on the organizational personnel than numbers and

Cross Border Insolvency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cross Border Insolvency - Essay Example Within the more advanced legal systems when the latter deals with insolvency and bankruptcy, one usually finds a mechanism which would come in force given certain predetermined circumstances. This mechanism has the scope of actually attempting to minimise the various not so desirable effects, both on the individuals concerned as well as on the business units involved, which a situation of insolvency brings about. It can be said to be a recognition of the fact that a situation of insolvency not only effects the person or company who or which is going through a process of bankruptcy but ultimately effects also the economy as a whole. In fact the amount of bankruptcies currently being undergone within a country is usually taken as an indication of how well that particular economy is faring. In the UK a review Group within the Department of Trade and Industry and HM Treasury opined that the trend seems to favour furthering the rescue culture. Whenever possible emphasis should be laid on the assisting of companies in order that the latter might be placed in a position to as much as possible overcome what may in the ultimate analysis be temporary financial difficulties. It is submitted that in these types of situations, the problem is to assess exactly how temporary is temporary and numerous instances occour when what started off as being temporary resulted in the end of being permanent. In that report the emphasis seemed to be placed on the possible avoidance of liquidation and towards the furthering of a culture of a predisposition towards the preservation of a business unit as a going concern1. Before the coming into force of the 1986 Insolvency Act in the UK, there were three kinds of liquidation procedures, namely members, creditors= and compulsory when the company was insolvent. An alternative rescue mechanism was put in place through the coming into force of The Insolvency Act 1986 called the Voluntary Arrangement procedure. This enabled the companies to enter into a contract with their creditors for the latter to be pay less than their full debts, however it was not so much utilised as it did not allow for the agreeing of a moratorium. The Insolvency Act 2000 introduces a new CVA procedure that includes a moratorium although it should perhaps be mentioned that the new CVA moratorium procedure is only available to companies that satisfy two or more of the requirements for being a small company, as set out in the Companies Act 1985.Another remedy which may be classified as a non-insolvency remedy available to companies is a Scheme of Arrangement under Section 425 of the Companies Act 1985. Such schemes can be complex and have proved to be somewhat difficult to organise. Experience has shown that because of the expense and perhaps other reasons this remedy seems to be used primarily by the larger companies. Individual Voluntary Arrangement (IVA) can be said to be the personal insolvency equivalent of a CVA. In contrast to CVAs, the Insolvency Act 1986 provided a moratorium for those seeking an IVA. However, the Insolvency Act 2000 introduces a simplified procedure for non-traders (i.e. consumer debt cases). In the case the Courts may

Evaluation essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evaluation - Essay Example For the potential buyers of these cars, this price difference should not be a consideration, provided they are satisfied with other features of the car. A clear advantage with the Camry range is that there are five different variant models on offer, with Hybrid varieties too made available to the customer, although this could cost an additional $5,000 on the basic model. The Honda Accord on the other hand Honda Accords comes in just two models. Moving on to other features of the cars, the Toyota Camry models score more points for their superior aesthetics and visual appeal. For example, the Camry has a rounded exterior, with a clean, tidy look which would appeal to buyers from the professional classes. Honda Accord, in contrast, has elements of a sports car, with sleeker and pointed exteriors, suggesting that the car would appeal to young car enthusiasts rather than older, higher income demographic groups. The Honda Accord Coupe has a 268-horsepower engine (V-6), takes lesser time to go from 0 to 60 and offers better fuel efficiency system, along with a lower center of gravity structure and â€Å"independent multi-link rear suspension†, which is supposed to provide greater control over the car. The Camry models too offer V-6 engines and greater car stability features, not by default but as additional options, which translates into more expenses for the customer. Both cars offer deluxe and comfortable leather interiors. As for safety features such as airbags, seatbelts, etc, both cars are similar. In other words, the safety and performance features of both cars meet standard expectations. Hence, neither car is overall better than the other. The final choice of a customer will depend on his/her age, location (urban, rural, etc), income, marital status, etc. Young men, who are not yet married, will more likely go for the Honda Accord Coupe, for its

Wheel of Fortune and Invocation by Flack Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wheel of Fortune and Invocation by Flack - Essay Example The essay "Wheel of Fortune and Invocation by Flack" analyzes the Flack's paintings, heel of Fortune and Invocation. Both pieces feature an unrealistic collage of still life items, including a realistic human skull. The items included in these still lifes are not unrealistic in their depiction, but rather in their placement. Wheel of Fortune, for instance, makes any underlying structure impossible to discern while Invocation presents an abstract, dimensionless background. The illusionistic depiction of items such as the human skull, hourglass and nearly burned down candle classify Wheel of Fortune as a vanitas painting while similar images, minus the hourglass, are used in Invocation. Flack employs a full range of hues to produce a trompe l’oeil effect in many of these images. The paintings do differ in the way in which they are compositionally composed. Both use the human skull as focal point. In Invocation, the skull is placed in the geographical center of the painting with all other objects arranged around it. It is given a trompe l’oeil frame over which a paint tube, sitting next to the neck of the skull, drips a steady stream of red paint, and a candle, lit near the left edge of the image, burns. The composition is asymmetric with balance achieved by inversing round forms such as the base of the candle holder and the blooms of the bouquet. Wheel of Fortune, while also asymmetric, achieves its balance through the duplication of the skull. The original skull is placed off to the right side.

A Big Responsibility During Our Development Primarily in the Essay

A Big Responsibility During Our Development Primarily in the Intrauterine Life - Essay Example When a woman becomes pregnant it is of normal concern for her if she will become a good mother to her child. It particularly occurs to a woman being pregnant for the first time. There will be some queries of how she will handle her newborn. Stoppard states that â€Å" the most common anxiety is simply fear of parenthood – of whether you will be a good parent and of whether you can cope with bringing up a child, and on top of this will be the worry about your child’s happiness if you don’t make a good job of it† (11). Some men, on the other hand, also admit it is not easy to become a father. Men â€Å"have difficulty bonding with an infant until as late as three months after the birth, when the child can smile or coo and interact more directly with them. Parent’s ability to reach out can be strengthened by allowing them to touch and spend time with the new child in the first few hours of life† (Pillitteri 581). Parenting starts right after the baby is born. They should allocate enough time especially now that they have a new member of the family. Furthermore, there will be a lot of lifestyle changes that will happen in their life. Gone were those expensive holidays and the groovy night-outs and replaced with the time for the baby giving all the necessities needed. â€Å"It will almost be a complete reversal of lifestyle, and at first it may not be easy to accept† (Stoppard 13). Nothing can best describe how parents outlive the hardships they have encountered just to provide enough attention to their child. In other words, being a parent is a sacrificial responsibility not only for the benefit of his/her child but, including the whole family as well.

Administrative Ethics Paper Essay Example for Free

Administrative Ethics Paper Essay In the health care setting for administrators there is an ongoing occurrence of ethical issues implicit in daily activities. A health care administrator we have assignments to the business as well as to ourselves to help the customers and our coworkers who accommodated and checked the patients within the company. The information technology system is growing rapidly this is an ethical issue for the administrators that always shows itself within the company and that is the confidentiality of data. Confidentiality information is private, facts about another person, company, etc. in a health care setting confidentiality is patients’ medical information stored into a system by the company. When working in the healthcare fields there are some rules concerning confidentiality, and they are; know the facts, have decision-making skills that control confidential data, and have some ethical alertness. The significance of developing ethical alertness is being able to handle confidential data, boosted education, and conversations regarding these problems should happen within the company to give pessimistic opinions of the coworkers and this could assist them to get through the conversation, conservative views, and moral instruction, this could take along groundbreaking ways for coworkers and other to efficiently to reply hard data, and this potentially could come into view. As an administrator, we are avowed in by morals to value the confidentiality of data we intake, and use for the company. Confidentiality data can have but is not restricted to, staff private data and recompense records. The issue and impact on the population that affects most will be explained in this case study; this will be the scenery for the moral examination of problems an administrator linked to revealing confidential data regarding a worker. We have a nurse name Michelle, who is the leading nurse at a hospital with 250 beds. Michelle has worked in the administration field for three years and thinks highly of herself compared to the other coworkers in the company. When it came to decision making Michelle always found a way to disagree. Michelle  acknowledges that the company is unstable from general duties of the company price extracting and also includes employee reduction. Michelle acknowledged that the gross was high that it usually is, and this could cause hardship in the working environment that will also consist of workers not certified and obligatory overtime. Michelle thinks these problems were due because of the altering attitude of the hospital managerial team. We have Nurse Jackie, who is the second head nurse; she has worked in the nursing field for a few years. She is mothers who use to stay-at-home and take care of her family (husband, and daughters). When Jackie’s children got older Jackie wanted to go back to work. Jackie’s husband realized with his paycheck and her paycheck combined they would not have enough funds to support their daughters for college and their tuition increases every year. A position at the hospital opened for her to apply for and Jackie’s husband thought that would be a superior idea for Jackie to apply for it because it could assist him and her on helping their daughters with college. Jackie got hired, although her nursing knowledge has not been streamlined. Jackie thought that because she was not a permanent staff worker there that they would not ask her to do much so she took on more hours. The administrator for nursing name is Karen; she is also associates with Michelle. These two ladies have had issue regarding quality of care. Michelle began drama regarding supple workers pool nurses to work on the medical units to Karen’s attention, without an acceptable answer. Karen’s workers were arbitrarily assigned in various parts of the hospital, which made it hard for Karen to monitor her staff. Karen’s view of Michelle is her certainty that the nurses ought to have awareness in every aspect of medicine, whereas Karen think this is idealistic considering they go in various assorted areas. Jackie began to see work as a stressful environment; she did not get to make friends with any coworkers because they were constantly moving around to different departments. She gave out medication to patients who did not recognize her. When Jackie had a question she would ask the physician, and they would not answer her so she would ask Karen for help. Work for Jackie was becoming unbearable, but her husband did not care he was happy to see the paychecks coming in and wanted her to keep working overtime because it was helping his and her savings big time. Jackie felt trapped because she wanted to lessen her hours at work, but her husband wanted her to do more hours so in result  Jackie began to taking drugs, she knew this could affect her job, but she needed to do this to decrease her stress. Jackie’s changes were not noticed for a while until she was told to work in the surgical area for a few weeks to assist an employee who was leaving for vacation. A pharmacist noticed a difference in giving out medication for example, a rare rise in narcotics and errors of signatures on the medication paperwork. The pharmacist took the problem to Michelle and Michelle did some investigating. Jackie was found guilty and Michelle went to Jackie’s boss who is Karen. Karen and Michelle talked to Jackie, Jackie admitted her wrongdoing, Karen resolute was for Jackie to go to a rehabilitation center and recover from this and when she does she could come back and work for the company. Karen also chose to not tell the state board of Registered Professional Nurses. After these events occurred Michelle chose to have a meeting with the nurse manager of surgical unit, human resources director, and the chair of the nursing ethics committee to decide rather she needs to be more should have happened in a situation like this. Jackie does have the right to confidentiality, but Michelle thought this could be a good staff conversation. Karen believed total opposite; she believed this would break Jackie’s confidentiality. The problem at the meeting was confidentiality and the nurses having incompatible opinions of confidentiality and the impression on others. Michelle believed that the way Jackie had act failed her position because patients were not treated correctly and other staff actions had been effect by Jackie’s duties so Michelle believed that meeting need to be held. Michelle believed the patient’s pain was impaired, and Jackie’s unwillingness harmed the patients. This was essential to her to demonstrate that the company was devoted to suitable action in giving a precautious workplace of knowledgeable workers/patients. Examinations of moral questions have an organized procedure to decide and choose the best result a problem occurs when there are moral questions with various results. When a problem does not occur there are no moral problems. A great moral result is reliant on good problem recognition and detail meetings. There are many ethical reasons to maintain confidentiality, and some are; protect private data that will consist of respecting others, maintaining sureness, which raises open discussion. We all have the power and guidance to have accountability to exercise in a steadily moral way. References 1. Badzek, L., Mitchell, K., Marra, S., Bower, M., and (Dec.31 1998): Administrative Ethics and Confidentiality/Privacy issues Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. Vol 3, No.3 Retrieved September 29, 2012 www.nursingworld.org 2. Confidentiality in Health Care Health Care Professionals Must Learn the Rules of Confidentiality Sept. 29, 2012 Kathy Quan 3. HIPPA- Overview www.ufl.edu Copyright  © 2005 |University of Florida Retrieved September 29, 2012

Engelse taal in Nederland

Engelse taal in Nederland INHOUDSOPGAVE VOORWOORD Voor u ligt het profielwerkstuk waar wij dit schooljaar aan hebben gewerkt. Wij willen en . Bedanken voor hun hulp bij het maken van dit document We hopen duidelijkheid te geven in.. en Wij moeten in havo 5 een profielwerkstuk maken over een vak die je in je profiel heb. Wij hebben allebei het profiel Economie Maatschappij met vele vakken daarin. Waarom hebben wij het vak Engels gekozen? Je hebt vele keuzes in vakken binnen je profiel. Beide zijn wij redelijk goed in de Engelse taal en hebben dan ook geen moeite om te spreken of te verstaan. In tegenstelling tot onze ouders spreken wij de Engelse taal stukken beter en wij vroegen ons af hoe dat nou kan. De Engelse taal heeft wereldwijd een grote invloed op iedereen. In het dagelijks leven komen steeds meer Engelse leenwoorden voor. Dit is zo normaal geworden dat je het bijna niet meer opmerkt maar het komt zeer vaak voor. Waarom hebben wij als begeleidster Mevrouw Slesarenko gekozen? Bij het vak Engels waren een aantal leraren/leraressen beschikbaar. We hebben Mevrouw Slesarenko gekozen omdat ze naar onze mening eerlijke en duidelijk beoordeeld. Ze kan makkelijk uitleggen waar dingen verandert moet worden en waar eventueel nog meer informatie bij kan. We zijn blij met deze keuze omdat Mevrouw Slesarenko ons goed heeft begeleid tijdens het profielwerkstuk. INLEIDING Aanleiding Inleiding: Wij hebben dit onderwerp gekozen omdat wij Engels zien als de taal van de toekomst, wat een belangrijke factor van onze keuze is dat wij allebei zonder al te veel problemen deze taal spreken. Engels komt elke dag voor in het dagelijks leven veel reclame en media gebruikt Engels omdat het veel mensen aanspreekt. De vraag is waarom? Waarom spreekt Engels zoveel mensen aan en waarom kunnen de meeste mensen Engels spreken, maar Duits, Frans of Spaans wordt over het algemeen door niet heel veel mensen beheerst. Het is ons doel om goed uit te leggen wat de Engelse taal eigenlijk is en waarom het zo veel word gebruikt door landen die niet als moedertaal Engels spreken. Hieronder staan de onderwerpen waarin wij proberen uit te leggen waarom het Engels zo een belangrijke taal is in onze samenleving. Hoofdstukindeling Geschiedenis van de Engelse taal. In deze paragraaf gaan we de opkomst van het Engels bespreken. Hoe komt het dat Engels zo een belangrijke taal is geworden door de eeuwen heen? Hoe is de Engelse taal in Nederland ontstaan? We gaan vertellen hoe het komt dat de Engelse taal zo belangrijk is geworden in Nederland en waarom we niet meer zonder kunnen. Wat houd het Europees referentiekader in? Het referentiekader is vrij nieuw in Europa. Het Gemeenschappelijk Europees referentiekader voor talen: Leren, onderwijzen, evaluatie is een richtlijn om de vorderingen van leerlingen te beschrijven in Europa. Omdat het ook binnenkort in Nederland ingevoerd zal worden, willen wij dit graag goed uitleggen. Engels als wereldtaal. We gaan bespreken hoe het komt dat de Engelse taal onmisbaar is in de wereld en waarom het zo een grote invloed heeft op de wereld. Engels tegenover andere wereldtalen in Europa. We willen hier bespreken waarom Engels zo een belangrijke taal is vergeleken met andere wereldtalen zoals Spaans, Frans of Duits. Hoe komt het dat Nederlanders zo goed Engels spreken? We willen vertellen hoe het komt dat Nederlanders de Engelse taal zo goed beheersen in vergelijking met andere landen. GESCHIEDENIS ENGELSE TAAL Ontstaan Engelse taal Geschiedenis Oorspronkelijk is het Engels ontstaan uit vele dialecten, die naar Engeland werden overgebracht door kolonisten, aan het begin van de 5e eeuw. De taal werd sterk benvloed door de Oud-Noorse taal van de Vikingen. Door invloed van de Normandiers na de veroverring van Engeland in 1066, veranderde het Oudenengels in het Middenengels. De veranderingen komen grotendeels door het grote gebruik van leenwoorden uit de Normandische woordenschat en het toepassen van de Normandische spellingsregels. Het Engels dat we nu kennen, ontwikkelde zich daarvandaan en ging door met het opnemen van buitenlandse woorden, met name uit het Latijn en Grieks. Het Engels vindt zijn oorsprong in de Germaanse talen die in Groot-Brittannià « gesproken werden..Het is sterk benvloed door het Oudnoords (dankzij de vele Vikingen die er zich vestigden tussen 800-1000), en ook het Frans (na de verovering door de Normandià «rs in 1066) heeft een grote invloed gehad. De grammaticale structuur van het Engels is dus nog steeds overwegend Germaans met nog enkele zinconstructies na die ontleent zijn aan de Romaanse taal. Echter is wel 60% van de totale woordenschat uit van het Engels, ontleent uit het Frans en Latijn. Men noemt het Engels daarom soms ook wel een brugtaal tussen de wereld van de Germaanse en die van de Romaanse talen. Hier nog even de ontwikkelingen binnen het Engels op een rijtje door de eeuwen heen: Oudengels, 7e en 8e eeuw (ook bekend als Angelsaksisch) Middelengels, 12e-15e eeuw, invloed vanuit het Normandisch (een Frans dialect) Nieuw-Engels, 16e eeuw tot heden Opkomst Engels nogwat conclusie of zo ONTSTAAN ENGELSE TAAL IN NEDERLAND Nederlandse taal vroeger. Vroeger sprak iedereen Nederlands. Alleen de rijkere laag van de bevolking sprak Engels doordat ze vaak handels contacten hadden met het buitenland. Nederland is altijd al een handelsland geweest. Mensen gingen naar andere landen omdat daar handel te drijven. Ze namen dan vaak stukjes taal mee terug naar het eigen land. Waarom is Engels een wereldtaal en Nederlands niet? De grammatica van Engels komt uit het Germaans, veel woorden in het Engels komen uit het Romaans. Engels wordt daarom ook wel een brugtaal genoemd tussen de Romaanse en Germaanse talen. De Engelse taal is vanaf de 20e eeuw de grootste en invloedrijkste taal ter wereld. Dit komt door dat Groot-Brittannià « vroeger de baas was in veel gebiedenover de helewereld.Hierdoor ishet Engels in veel voormalige kolonià «n nog steeds de voornaamste gesproken taal. Groot-Brittannià « heeft in die tijd veel kleine eilandjes en landen ingenomen. Maar Engels is ook de belangrijkste taal door de Verenigende Staten, wat vroeger ook een kolonie was, waar heel veel mensen wonen die allemaal Engels spreken. Engels is dus een van de meest gesproken talen ter wereld. Veel minder mensenspreken Nederlands. Nederland had vroeger ook wel Kolonià «n zoals Suriname en Indonesià «. In Suriname wordt nog wel voor een groot deel Nederlands gesproken maar in de andere voormalige kolonià «n helaas niet meer. Groot-Brittannià « had vroeger ook veel kolonià «n over de hele wereld dan Nederland. Vandaar dat Engels een wereldtaal is en Nederlands niet. opkomst Engels in Nederland Nederland is na de Tweede Wereldoorlog bevrijd door voornamelijk Engels sprekende soldaten denk maar aan de Amerikanen, Britten en Canadezen. Dit had een erg positieve invloed op het aanleren van de Engelse taal in Nederland. Veel ontwikkelingen uit het Engelse taalgebied komen ook naar het Nederlandse taalgebied, ontwikkelingen zoals de computer spelen een grote rol. Hierdoor worden veel Engelse begrippen waarvoor (nog) geen Nederlands woord bestaat in de taal opgenomen. Veel Engelse woorden blijven dan ook onvertaald en blijvend gebruikt in de Nederlandse taal. Factoren Belangrijke factoren die er voor hebben gezorgd dat Engels erg belang werd in Nederland zijn: Computers, daarbij moet je vooral denken aan het internet en vele Amerikaanse computerspellen. Immigranten Engelstalige films en boeken Reizen over de wereld werd gemakkelijker. Engels is een vrij makkelijke taal om aan te leren voor veel mensen. De VS en zijn belangrijke invloed over de hele wereld. De invloed van het Engels in Nederland is dan ook erg groot, in Nederland spreken veel mensen Engels als tweede taal. Engelstalig onderwijs in Nederland In het voortgezet onderwijs is Engels een verplicht vak. Voor veel mensen in Nederland is het ook hun tweede taal. Het aantal Engelstaligen in Amsterdam ligt tussen de 50.000 en 100.000 personen en dit aantal groeit sterk. Er leven in de Benelux veel expats die (op hun werk) Engels spreken en vaak hun kinderen ook naar Engelstalig onderwijs sturen. Het Engelstalig onderwijs in Nederland maakt een stormachtige groei door. Op een aantal basisscholen, niet op alle, wordt Engelse les gegeven, voornamelijk aan de hoogste klassen (groep 7 en 8). Het is een vast onderdeel van veel vormen van voortgezet onderwijs. Op sommige scholen wordt Versterkt Engels gegeven. Op een kleine 100 scholen in Nederland wordt tweetalig onderwijs in het Engels en het Nederlands gegeven. Er zijn internationale scholen waar volledig in het Engels les wordt gegeven. Op universiteiten zijn er veel masteropleidingen die Engelstalig zijn. Ook komen er steeds meer Engelstalige bachelor opleidingen. Bij veel opleidingen wordt gebruik gemaakt van Engelstalig lesmateriaal en Engelse namen. Engelstalige televisie in Nederland Door de revolutie in de communicatie is het aantal televisiezenders toegenomen tot meer dan 100 in Nederland. Een groot gedeelte daarvan is ook in het Engels. Bekende Engelstalige televisiezenders in Nederland zijn de British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) en CNN. Daarnaast wordt er ook veel Engelstalig materiaal uitgezonden met Nederlandse ondertiteling. Anglofobie In Nederland ontstaat er bij sommigen een sterk gevoel van anglofobie (ook wel anti-anglicisme genoemd).[bron?] Dit komt vooral doordat mensen de indruk krijgen dat Engelstaligen zichzelf goed vinden, dat ze een dominante plek innemen of dat ze denken dat ze overal terecht kunnen met hun taal en zelf geen vreemde talen hoeven te leren. Naar de mening van anglofoben wordt er vaak onzorgvuldig omgegaan met het Nederlands. De media bijvoorbeeld gebruiken in hun ogen veel Engelse woorden of vaktermen die lang niet altijd nodig zijn. Dat leidt vaak tot irritaties. Zeker remigranten of immigranten die in Nederland aankomen, ergeren zich vaak aan het taalbeleid van Schiphol, waar borden als trefpunt vervangen zijn door meeting point of reclames in het Engels. Wat vaak ook irritaties oplevert, is dat Engelse beschrijvingen vaak bovenaan vermeld worden terwijl Nederlands de officià «le voertaal is. EUROPEES REFERENTIEKADER betekenis Wat betekent het Gemeenschappelijk Europees referentiekader nou precies? Het Gemeenschappelijk Europees referentiekader voor talen: Leren, onderwijzen en evaluatie is een richtlijn om de vorderingen van leerlingen te beschrijven in Europa. Het is door de Raad van Europa samengesteld als deel van het project Language Learning for European Citizenship tussen 1989 en 1996. Hieronder zullen wij dit nog verder uitleggen. Het Gemeenschappelijk Europees Referentiekader zorgt voor een basis die internationaal gebruikt kan worden voor de uitwerking van lesprogrammas, examens, leerboeken en dergelijke in heel Europa. Het beschrijft wat studenten moeten leren om een taal te kunnen gebruiken voor communicatie en welke kennis en vaardigheden zij moeten hebben om duidelijk te kunnen handelen in een vreemde taal. Verder bevat het referentiekader ook vaardigheidniveaus waarmee de voortgang van studenten levenslang kan worden gemeten. Het Gemeenschappelijk Europees Referentiekader is bedoeld om misverstanden te voorkomen uit de verschillen tussen de onderwijsstelsels in Europa. Door een gemeenschappelijke basis te bieden voor de beschrijving van doelstellingen, inhoud en lesmethoden, vergroot het referentiekader de internationale samenwerking op het gebied van de taal die we vandaag spreken. Het Referentiekader beschrijft ook deelkwalificaties. Deze kunnen worden gebruikt wanneer een beperktere taalkennis is vereist (bijvoorbeeld meer luister- dan spreekvaardigheid) of wanneer er weinig tijd beschikbaar is voor het leren van een derde of vierde taal en wellicht betere resultaten haalbaar zijn door bijvoorbeeld meer te mikken op herkenning dan op onthouden. Algemene maatregelen voor het goed verlopen van het Europees Referentiekader. Voor zover mogelijk zekerstellen dat alle groepen binnen de bevolking toegang hebben tot de middelen om kennis te verkrijgen van de talen uit andere landen en vaardigheden in het gebruik van die talen aan te leren waarmee zij in hun communicatiebehoefte kunnen voorzien. Het niveau van docenten, leerkrachten en studenten op alle niveaus bevorderen, aanmoedigen en ondersteunen om in hun eigen situatie goed en duidelijk de vreemde taal te spreken en te kunnen verstaan. Onderzoeks- en ontwikkelingsprogrammas maken die ertoe leiden dat op alle onderwijsniveaus methoden en materialen worden ingevoerd die geschikt zijn om alle niveaus van onderwijs in staat te stellen voldoende vaardigheden aan te leren zodat ze de vreemde taal goed kunnen beoefenen. Hier zijn een aantal belangrijke factoren die de maatregelen ondersteunen. Je moet: kunnen omgaan met alledaagse zaken in een ander land, en buitenlanders die in hun land verblijven kunnen helpen dat ook te doen; informatie en ideeà «n kunnen uitwisselen met jonge mensen en volwassenen die een andere taal spreken en hun gedachten en gevoelens aan hen kunnen overbrengen; een breder en dieper inzicht kunnen krijgen in de leefwijze en gedachtewereld van andere volken en het begrijpen van de bijhorende cultuur. Het beste is een vreemde taal aan te leren is door: het onderwijzen en leren van taal te baseren op de behoeften, motivaties, kenmerken en bronnen van studenten; zinvolle en realistische doelen zo goed mogelijk tot realiteit te brengen. gepaste methoden en materialen te ontwikkelen; Bij de opleiding Engels maak je beter kennis met het grote aanbod van dialecten in talen, culturen, en literaturen, zoals die nu is en zoals die in de loop van de geschiedenis is gegroeid. Ook leer je om je in correct Engels uit te drukken, zowel schriftelijk als mondeling, en een groot aantal dialecten te verstaan. Hieronder staan de 6 niveaus van het Referentiekader. A Basisgebruiker A1 Doorbraak A2 Tussenstap B Onafhankelijke gebruiker B1 Drempel B2 Uitzicht C Vaardige gebruiker C1 Effectieve operationele vaardigheid C2 Beheersing Voor elk niveau zijn er deze 3 onderwerpen. Begrijpen Luisteren Lezen Spreken Gesproken interactie Gesproken reproductie Schrijven Referentiekader in Nederland Dit Gemeenschappelijk Europees Referentiekader wordt ook gebruikt in de nieuwe Wet Inburgering die in Nederland sinds 1 januari 2007 geldt. Inburgeringsplichtigen moeten sindsdien zorgen dat ze Nederlands leren spreken, lezen, schrijven en verstaan op A2-niveau. Waarom bestaat dit? K Invoeren in NL De rede hiervan is.. WERELDTAAL Engels als wereldtaal Engels vs. Nederlands Conclusie De belangrijkste rede is dus dat Engels wel een wereldtaal is, omdat .. en Nederland is/heeft dat niet. Wereldtaal Engels is al zon twee eeuwen lang de grootste wereldtaal. Er zijn dan ook een groot aantal verschillende varianten aan literatuur in het Engels verschenen. Niet alleen in Engeland zelf, maar ook in de andere onderdelen van het Verenigd Koninkrijk, in Ierland, en in voormalige kolonià «n zoals de Verenigde Staten, Canada, Australià «, Nieuw Zeeland, India, Zuid-Afrika, en het Caribisch gebied. Ook wordt er in al deze gebieden weer een andere variant van het Engels gesproken. Een wereldtaal is een verspreide taal met een aanzienlijk aantal sprekers die internationaal veel wordt gebruikt. Er zijn verschillende definities van een wereldtaal. Ook zijn er verschillende meningen over welke talen er nu eigenlijk bij horen. Algemeen gesproken gaat het om Arabisch, Engels, Frans en Spaans. Het Mandarijn (Chinees) is de meest gesproken taal, maar is eigenlijk alleen bekend in China. Talen als Italiaans, Russisch en Duits zijn twijfelgevallen. Het Nederlands wordt soms de kleinste wereldtaal genoemd, wellicht niet zozeer vanwege het aantal sprekers maar omdat het Nederlands in historisch opzicht bepaalde rollen van een wereldtaal heeft vervuld. Internationaal Engels (ook wel Wereldwijd Engels of Standaard Engels) is het idee dat Engels de wereldtaal voor communicatie is of zal worden, in plaats van de vele verschillende talen die de wereld kent. Eà ©n wereldtaal zou communicatie vereenvoudigen omdat er geen tolken meer nodig zouden zijn. Engels als wereldtaal kan ook de wetenschap ten goede komen, als iedereen Engels spreekt kan er gemakkelijker onderzoek gedaan worden. De inheemse bevolking van oerwouden zou wetenschappers bijvoorbeeld duidelijker uitleg kunnen geven over de natuur. De reden waarom Engels als een wereldtaal wordt beschouwd is simpel. Het is een taal die makkelijk te leren is en die werelwijd door honderden miljoenen mensen als eerste of tweede taal wordt gesproken. Engels is een taal waar men vaak mee te maken krijgt en die overal voorkomt, zoals in games en op televisie (voornamelijk in Nederland). De keuze voor Engels lijkt dus voor de hand liggend, maar er moet wel de bereidheid bestaan om vreemde tale n te leren en deze is vaak niet aanwezig. Alles bij elkaar blijft het Engels toch een taal die op internationaal vlak heel belangrijk is en die in de komende jaren nog belangrijker kan worden. In plaats van Engels zouden ook Spaans en Mandarijn de enkele wereldtaal kunnen worden, alhoewel deze minder kans maken dan Engels omdat ze moeilijker zijn (Mandarijn) of minder verspreid (Spaans). Betekenis Modern Engels, soms beschreven als de eerste wereldwijde lingua franca, is de belangrijkste internationale taal voor communicatie, wetenschap, luchtvaart, entertainment, toerisme , radio, diplomatie en in de zakenwereld. De uitbreiding van de taal vanaf de Britse eilanden over de hele wereld begon tegelijk met de groei van het Britse Rijk, en aan het eind van de negentiende eeuw was de taal werkelijk wereldwijd verspreid. De taal is dominant in de Verenigde Staten en door zijn groeiende economische en culturele invloed en status als wereldmacht sinds de Tweede Wereldoorlog is de positie van de taal wereldwijd versterkt. Een goede kennis van het Engels is een vereiste in een aantal werkgebieden en beroepen zoals geneeskunde en informatica; ten gevolge daarvan spreken ten minste à ©Ãƒ ©n miljard mensen de beginselen van het Engels. Het is ook een van de zes officià «le talen van de Verenigde Naties. Taalkundigen als David Crystal herkennen dat een van de gevolgen van de groei van het Engels (net als andere wereldwijd gesproken talen) is dat de taalkundige diversiteit op veel plekken ter wereld verloren gaat, met name in Australazià « en Noord-Amerika Internationaal Engels Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie Ga naar: navigatie, zoeken Internationaal Engels (ook wel Wereldwijd Engels of Standaard Engels) is het idee dat Engels de wereldtaal voor communicatie is of zal worden, in plaats van de vele verschillende talen die de wereld kent. Eà ©n wereldtaal zou communicatie vereenvoudigen omdat er geen tolken meer nodig zouden zijn. Engels als wereldtaal kan ook de wetenschap ten goede komen, als iedereen Engels spreekt kan er gemakkelijker onderzoek gedaan worden. De inheemse bevolking van oerwouden zou wetenschappers bijvoorbeeld duidelijker uitleg kunnen geven over de natuur. De reden waarom Engels als een wereldtaal wordt beschouwd is simpel. Het is een taal die makkelijk te leren is en die wereldwijd door honderden miljoenen mensen als eerste of tweede taal wordt gesproken. Engels is een taal waar men vaak mee te maken krijgt en die overal voorkomt, zoals in games en op televisie (voornamelijk in Nederland). De keuze voor Engels lijkt dus voor de hand liggend, maar er moet wel de bereidheid bestaan om vreemde tal en te leren en deze is vaak niet aanwezig. Alles bij elkaar blijft het Engels toch een taal die op internationaal vlak heel belangrijk is en die in de komende jaren nog belangrijker kan worden. In plaats van Engels zouden ook Spaans en Mandarijn de enkele wereldtaal kunnen worden, alhoewel deze minder kans maken dan Engels omdat ze moeilijker zijn (Mandarijn) of minder verspreid (Spaans). Engels is tegenwoordig de meest gebruikte taal in internationale betrekkingen. Het is ook van alle talen de meest aangeleerde als tweede taal. Maar is dit zo vanzelfsprekend? Engels de wereldtaal Momenteel kunnen we er niet naast kijken. Engels is dà © wereldtaal. Elk kind van 10 jaar kan naast zijn moedertaal een mondjevol Engels meepraten en passief aardig wat Engels begrijpen. Hoe is deze situatie ontstaan? Het gevolg niet voor de oorzaak nemen Natuurlijk kunnen we zeggen dat het engels ons langs alle kanten overvalt, via liedjes, film, computerspelletjes, computerterminologie, luchthaventaal, enz. Dit is echter niet de reden waarom Engels de wereldtaal geworden is, maar het gevolg. Wat is dan de reden. Eigenlijk kunnen we beter spreken van oorzaak dan van reden. Oorzaak zegt hoe iets er gekomen is, terwijl reden zegt waarom men iets gedaan heeft. Keuze of toeval De eerste vraag die bij ons zal opkomen, is of het Engels de wereldtaal geworden is door keuze of door toeval. We gaan even de mogelijkheden afgaan. Redenen om Engels als wereldtaal te kiezen Gemakkelijk te leren? Uitgebreide woordenschat? Fonetiek? Gemakkelijk te leren? Een zeer rudimentaire kennis van het Engels is gemakkelijk te leren. De spraakkunst is immers zeer eenvoudig. De problemen beginnen pas als je er echt mee bezig bent. De Engelse spraakkunst is inderdaad eenvoudig, maar er is meer uitzondering dan regel. Het Engels is namelijk een heel idiomatische taal. Dat wil zeggen: een taal die niet veel logica hanteert, doch eerder gewoonterecht. Voor iemand die in die taal is geboren, kan dat niet veel problemen opleveren. Wij merken ook niet veel van de onlogische trekjes in het Nederlands. Alleen zijn die in het Nederlands niet zo talrijk als in het Engels. Kortom Engels is gemakkelijk te leren als eerste taal, maar erg moeilijk als tweede of derde taal, tenzij je het natuurlijk niet zo nauw neemt met de exactheid van wat je zegt. Uitgebreide woordenschat? Het Engels heeft een van de grootste verzamelingen woorden van alle talen. Op zich zou dat een voordeel kunnen zijn, omdat dit ruimte geeft voor nuance. Jammer genoeg is de uitgebreide Engelse woordenschat weinig etymologisch onderbouwd. Alvast veel minder dan in het Nederlands, Frans, Duits, Spaans, enz. Dit geeft dus hetzelfde probleem als hierboven: wie het Engels als moedertaal heeft of er de hele dag mee omgaat, zal na verloop van tijd een hele brok van die woordenschat onder de knie krijgen. Wie deze taal echter als tweede of derde taal moet leren en ze niet dagelijks gebruikt, kan zich maar beperkt uitdrukken en wat veel erger is niet alles begrijpen wat de ander zegt of wat hij leest. Fonetiek? Met fonetiek bedoel ik in deze context de relatie tussen wat je schrijft en wat je uitspreekt. De fonetiek is een van de zwakste punten van het Engels. Buiten het Tibetaans, (dit is niet als grap bedoeld) zullen er niet veel talen zijn die zo inconsequent worden geschreven als het Engels. Zelfs voor de native speakers een probleem Als we een Duitse, Nederlandse, Spaanse of Franse tekst op band opnemen, zal iedereen die die taal spreekt hetzelfde horen wanneer de band afgespeeld wordt. Er zijn in dit verband experimenten gedaan met het Engels, die onthutsende resultaten opleveren! Een tekst werd in het Engels op een band opgenomen en dan in stukken geknipt. Fragmenten werden dan afgespeeld voor native speakers en tot de grote ontsteltenis van de onderzoekers hoorden alle luisteraars iets verschillend. Minder dan de helft van de poefpersonen kon exact opschrijven wat de spreker had gezegd. En dit waren dus allemaal mensen die het Engels als moedertaal hadden. Wat zou het resultaat dan geweest zijn, bij mensen die het Engels slechts als tweede taal hadden? De 90/10 verhouding Studies hebben uitgemaakt dat 90% van de Engelse woorden consequent worden gespeld en 10% inconsequent. Het probleem is dat van de frequent gebruikte woorden net omgekeerd 10% consequent wordt gespeld en 90% inconsequent. Dit heeft natuurlijk zijn oorzaak. In vele talen is het zo dat de meest gebruikte woorden een eigen leven gaan leiden en zich vaak onregelmatig gaan gedragen, terwijl de zuinig gebruikte woorden heel gedisciplineerd blijven. Toevalsfactoren bij de opmars van het Engels Factoren die een grote rol hebben gespeeld bij de verheffing van het Engels tot de wereldtaal zijn onder meer: De uitgestrektheid van het voormalig Brits imperium De economische suprematie van de Verenigde Staten van Amerika in de twintigste eeuw Hoe Engeland aan zijn taal komt, weten we wel, maar hoe zit dat met Amerika? De Verenigde Staten zijn uiteindelijk gegroeid uit kolonisten van een aantal landen: De Nederlanden (waaronder ik dus ook het huidige Belgià « reken) Spanje Engeland Ierland Duitsland Scandinavià «, enz. De inheemse volkeren De Afrikaans-Amerikanen Toen het Amerikaanse Congres de officià «le taal voor het nieuwe land ging kiezen, werd er gestemd. De meerderheid stemde voor het Engels. Wat veel mensen niet weten, is dat het maar 1 stem verschil uitmaakte, of het was Duits geweest. Er wordt in sommige publicaties zelfs beweerd, dat dit verschil van 1 stem te maken had met een zieke die zijn stem niet had kunnen uitbrengen. Nu nog is het zo dat als alle Amerikanen hun stamboom maken tot aan hun Europese voorouders, de van afkomst Duitsers de grootste groep uitmaken. Conclusie Samenvattend kunnen we zeggen dat het Engels de wereldtaal is geworden, niet door een beslissing van de wereldbevolking, doch door een samenloop van omstandigheden. De twee belangrijkste factoren hierin zijn de vroegere overheersing van de Britten in alle werelddelen en het feit dat het land dat een groot deel van de twintigste eeuw de sterkste economie van de wereld zou worden, met een voorsprong van 1 stem toevallig het Engels als officià «le taal had gekozen. Even verder denken Als alles anders was gelopen en bijvoorbeeld de Verenigde Naties een onderzoekscommissie zouden inrichten om de wereldtaal te bepalen, zouden andere talen wellicht een belangrijkere rol gespeeld hebben. Gehanteerde criteria zouden wellicht geweest zijn De duidelijkheid van de taal De moeilijkheidsgraad om aan te leren, enz. Welke taal zou het dan geworden zijn? http://kunst-en-cultuur.infonu.nl/taal/15498-engels-de-wereldtaal.html ENGELS TEGENOVER ANDERE WERELDTALEN Andere wereldtalen Ff wat informatie erover.. in welke landen spreken ze vooral spaans bijv. Waarom is Engels dan zo belangrijk en machtig? NEDERLANDS EN ENGELS Taalbeheersing Waarom spreken Nederlanders zo goed Engels.. En in vergelijking met andere landen? Zijn ze beter gemiddeld of slecht? Drukt het Engels het Nederlands weg? Waarom zouden we nog moeite doen om correct Nederlands te gebruiken? Het Engels rukt op en eist overal zijn plaats op. Tickets zijn in presale, pc-games zijn cool en spammen is not done. Bovendien kan je, door Engels te spreken, vaak beter bijblijven in je vakgebied. Spreken we straks nog alleen nog Nederlands in de kroeg? Taalschrift legt deskundigen acht withete stellingen voor. Het Engels sluipt soms heel zichtbaar het Nederlands binnen. Stelling 1: We moeten stoppen met zeuren over de achteruitgang van het Nederlands. Het is niet de eerste keer dat het Nederlands bedreigd wordt, zegt prof. dr. Piet van de Craen. Hij is psychosociolingust aan de Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB). In 1788 klaagde Jacobus Verlooy over het feit dat mensen geen goed Nederlands praatten en dat daardoor de hele taal bedreigd werd. Tussen de twee wereldoorlogen ziet men in ons taalgebied het Duits als een bedreiging. En nu maakt men zich zorgen dat het Nederlands dreigt te worden weggedrukt door het Engels Onzin! Het Nederlands is een levende taal. Ze socialiseert kinderen, ze gebruiken die als moedertaal. Het Nederlands fungeert als onderwijstaal. En er wordt in onze taal literatuur geproduceerd. Verder is Nederlands in twee Europese landen een bestuurstaal en een officià «le taal. Bovendien is het Nederlandse de grootste van de kleine talen in Europa en staat ze veertigste op de wereldranglijst van 6 000 talen. Met die bedreiging valt het dus best mee. Stelling 2: Inwonersvan het Nederlandse taalgebied moeten zo vroeg mogelijk eerst Engels leren. Scholen moeten ten minste tweetalig of meertalig onderwijs aanbieden. Piet van de Craen: Ik vind het ontzettend belangrijk om eerst de taal van je buren te leren. Als Nederlandstalige in Brussel is de officià «le taal van de buren het Frans. Het getuigt van culturele ethiek om de taal van je buur te kennen. Wij streven er wel naar meertalig te worden en zelfs zo vroeg mogelijk vreemde talen te leren. Toch kopen wij in Brussel nog geen brood in het Engels. Piet van de Craen: Vlamingen en Nederlanders gaan heel sloppy om met hun moedertaal. In het Sint-Lodewijkscollege van Brugge is Engels de instructietaal voor de vakken chemie, biologie en fysica in de derde graad van het algemeen secundair/voortgezet onderwijs. We hebben daar twee bedoelingen mee, zegt projectcoà ¶rdinator Ingrid Depuyt. Leerlingen de kans geven om vaardiger te worden in het Engels en ze voorbereiden op hoger onderwijs. Vooral voor wetenschap, fysica en informatica groeit het belang van Engels. De tijdschriftartikelen en het vakjargon zijn vaak in die taal opgesteld. Universiteiten en ook hogescholen gebruiken geregeld een Engelstalige cursus. Studenten moeten er dus het Engels machtig zijn. Andere studenten willen tijdens een Erasmusjaar naar het buitenland. Engels is er meestal de instructietaal. Stelling 3: Meer nog dan het oprukkende Engels is het regiol

The Message Of Islam Theology

The Message Of Islam Theology The word Islam is derived from the root word salaama means peace, obedience, purity, and submissions. Islam means abiding peace and obedience to the will of God. While other religions derive their name from either a tribe, or a geographical area or a founder, and Islam derives its name from the central ides of peace and submission to god. The followers of Islam call them as Muslims or Musalmans. The word Hindu is derived from the Sanskrit root word Sindhu and used by Persians, ancient Greeks and many foreigners to denote the people who lived beyond the river Indus. The word Hinduism was invented by the british scholars in 1830s to denote the religious traditions of the native Indians to distinguish them from the other recognized religions. The message of Islam came to Muhammad for the first time through the angel Gabriel in 610 A.D., in a cave on Mount Hira. He kept on receiving the answers to his questions rest of his life and then he put all together in the book called Quran, which is the only holy book of Islam. Quran is the only book in the world which cannot be ever translated. Hinduism considers Vedas as their teachings of God. The Vedas are the earliest sacred books of Hinduism. The end part of Upanishads, which constitutes the philosophical base of Hinduism known as Vedanta and contains the elements of monotheism and description of God as the supreme deity of universe. Other important sources of Hinduism are the Vedantas, the Puranas, the Bhagavad Gita, Tantric texts, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. As Aldous Huxley once said The Bhagavad-Gita is the most systematic statement of spiritual evolution of endowing value to mankind. It is one of the most clear and comprehensive summaries of perennial philosophy ev er revealed; hence its enduring value is subject not only to India but to all of humanity. The muslims practices the following so called Five Pillars, which are mentioned in the Quran. Shahadah is also known as the daily recitation of There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger (Quran). Salat is the rituals performed Five times a day: dawn, at midday, mid afternoon, sunset, and nighttime. Zakat which is the amount of money from a persons total income donated to the poor and the needy. Sawn which is a period of fasting from dawn to dusk in the ninth month of muslim calendar. During this fasting muslims avoid all food, liquid, sex and tobacco. The final pillar is called Hajj which is the pilgrimage to a sacred city of Mecca once in their lifetime. In Hinduism God is worshipped in many different ways. The daily rituals are performed by an individual several times a day in which offerings are made to gods, the elements, ancestors, animals and the humans. Many people also worship by visiting the temple everyday in the morning. Ramayana states that Wealth springs fr om dharma, from dharma comes happiness and one gets everything from dharma. Dharma is the essence of this world(Valmiki). Pooja is the popular form of worship in which prayers, chants, flowers, incense sticks, and others things are offered to gods, like said in Ramayana Whatever is ones food, the same food shall be offered to ones gods (Valmiki 2.103.30)Some Hindus also participate in satsangs or religious gatherings and perform the singing and chanting of the names of gods. Many Hindus practice fasting on specific days of the weeks or on some festivals. Hindus also visits certain sacred places and temples for their own beings. A visit to Varanasi for a dip in Ganges is considered very purifying and spiritual uplifting. There are many festivals celebrated by hindus out of which some are Diwali, Navaratri, Uttarayan, Ganesh Chaturthi and many more. Muslims deny believing or worshiping any other god but Allah, who is their almighty. He is not only the highest god of muslims, but also of all the people in the world. He is close to his loyal worshippers, whom he forgives their sins and blesses them with peace and happiness. They believe in free will and fate. According to muslims, Allah knows everything that happened, that has been happening and that will happen. He made humans responsible for their actions and choices. Anyone can convert to Islam easily. According to their traditions, anyone who follows Allah and takes Muhammad as his messenger becomes a muslim because Quran says that He who obeys the Messenger has indeed obeyed Allah (al-Nisa 4.80). Hinduism believes in existence of Brahman, the supreme Lord of the universe who is eternal and stable. Three gods Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva are his three main forms which are endowed with their work of creation, preservation and destruction. According to Hindus, god can be worshipped in too many different ways. Many Hindus worship gods into their personal forms chosen by themselves. Hinduism believes in worshipping god as in the image or the statue or an object. They also believe in peaceful life lived with truth and honor, like once said in Mahabharata, Should even ones enemy arrive at the doorstep, he should be attended upon with respect. A tree does not withdraw its cooling shade even from the one who has come to cut it (12.146.5). And Mahatma Gandhi also said I have no other wish in this world but to find light and joy and peace through Hinduism. Hinduism and Islam believe in the God as a supreme Lord of the universe, and as a creator of the whole system. Both religions believe that god has blessed humans with free will which make themselves responsible for their actions and choices. Allah is known by 99 names and the person who learns them all by heart goes in the heaven. The Brahman of Hinduism also has many names and by chanting them a person can attain him. Both believe that god responds to all the people who worship him and blesses them. Hinduism believes in karma. Islam believes that good rewards for good deeds and punishment for bad dreams. And Quran states Whoever does good deed, he shall be repaid ten-fold; and whoever does evil, and he shall be repaid with evil (5.32). Both religions believe in non-violence and killing no human life. In Hinduism the path of truth is far more important than the belief or disbelief in god. Islam does not recognize any other religions other than they are specifically mentioned in Quran . We believe in that which has been revealed to us and revealed to you, and our God and your God is One, and to him do we submit (29.46). Muslims believe that they in something that is been revealed to them and believe that everybodys god is same. Both religions believe in praying gods and reciting their name and ask for gods forgiveness. Muslims believe in praying only one god Allah, where as Hindus pray to one god but in different forms and incarnations. A person can be converted to Islam by praying to Allah or by taking Muhammad as their own messenger. Whereas in Hinduism a person becomes a Hindu by birth or by personal choice, without taking any messenger or following particular god permanently. Islam does not accept anyone between humans and god and in Hinduism there is a presence of priest for the right directions. Islam does not have any high priest or gurus, whereas Hindus has like the highly respected gurus who people follow and seek for more knowledge from them. Islam does not believe in rebirth. Hindus believe going in heaven or hell but they believe that the soul gets its freedom back through rebirth. Hinduism does not have the concept of messengers like Muslims have Muhammad as their messengers to god. Muslims laws are well versed in Quran as to punish the one who oppose the commands of Allah, and in Hind uism the laws are not imposed by the religious groups or people but are through the government. Islam does not accepts god as his own creation where as Hindus accept that god is a supreme Lord of his creation and also as an individual as atman in every human-being as it is stated in The Bhagwad Gita, The power of God is with you at all times; through the activities of mind, senses, breathing, and emotions; and is constantly doing all the work using you as a mere instrument. Hinduism does not see any difference between god and other living beings. In Islam man can only be the true follower of god and the others are made just to benefit man. In Islam there is no concept of Trinity. They believe that god is one and only. Hinduism has three highest forms of god known as Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva. The belief system in Hinduism and Islam has a great effect on the present day society. There is a great development and change in Hinduism over the centuries and has spread all over the world. Islam has also spread over the years and has mostly spread by trade and the people conquered by them. Hinduism and Islam are two major religions in modern world with a great amount of people following in the various parts of the world. Work Cited Huxley, Aldous. Quotes About Hinduism. (30 Quotes). Goodreads Inc., n.d. Web. 04 Oct. 2012. . Gandhi, Mahatma. Hinduism Quotes. Refspace.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Oct. 2012. . MuhÃÅ'Â £ammad, ZÃÅ'Â £afr-AllaÃÅ'„h H. The Quran. London: Curzon, 1978. Print VaÃÅ'„lmiÃÅ'„ki, , and Ramesh Menon. The Ramayana. New York: North Point Press, 2003. Print. PrataÃÅ'„pachandra, RaÃÅ'„ya, and Mohan G. Kisari. The Mahabharata. Calcutta: Bharata Press, 1884. Print. Gupta, Prashant, M D. Gupta, and N K. Vikram. Bhagwad Gita. New Delhi: Dreamland Books, 1996. Print.

Sandro Botticelli: The Renaissance Artist Essay -- essays research pa

Sandro Botticelli, born Alessandro Mariano Filipepi, was the son of a tanner. He was born in Florence around 1445 and showed a talent for painting at a very early age. Botticelli was first apprenticed under a goldsmith named Sandro, from whom it is believed he derived his nickname. At the age of sixteen, he served an apprenticeship with the painter Fra Filippo Lippi (Durant, 1953). From Lippi he learned to create the effect of transparency, to draw outlines, and to give his pictures fluidity and harmony. He also worked with painter and engraver Antonio del Pollaiuolo, from whom he gained his sense of line. By 1470, Botticelli had his own workshop and had developed a highly personal style characterized by elegant execution, a sense of melancholy, and a strong emphasis on line. Botticelli spent most of his life working for the great families of Florence, including the Medici family. Botticelli’s name appears regularly in the account books of members of the Medici family, for whom he painted banners, portraits, and altarpieces along with paintings of allegorical or mythological subject matter. Likenesses of the Medici family are found in various paintings including â€Å"Judith,† â€Å"Madonna of the Magnificat,† and â€Å"Adoration of the Magi.† Apart from his works for members of the Medici family, Botticelli received many commissions from other prominent members of the Florentine society, including the Vespucci family. Botticelli first made a name for himself by his paintings of the Virgin and Child, and was given a public commission to paint â€Å"Fortitude† which was to be hung in the Trade law court. In about 1481, Botticelli, along with Ghirlandaio, Perugino, and Cosimo Rosselli, was called to Rome by Pope Sixtus IV to decorate the walls of the Sistine Chapel with scenes from the Old and New Testaments. Botticelli controlled the scheme and executed three of the frescoes. The large scale of these works and the attempt to include several stages of narrative in one composition were not fully mastered and remain confused and disorganized (Gowing, 1983). In his paintings, Botticelli retained enough objects and paid enough attention to the human body to create a sense of realism, but it is evident that he was more concerned with the spiritual presence of his subjects (Magill, 1989). Because of this, his subjects were less individualized in terms of their clothing or bodily st... ...rty. Sandro Botticelli died in 1510 after painting â€Å"Scenes from the Life of the Virgin,† The Last Actions of St. Zanobi,† and â€Å"Mystic Nativity† a few years earlier. . References Beckett, W. (2000, March). A meaningful life. U.S. Catholic, Vol. 65 Issue 3, 51. Bull, G. (1968). The Renaissance. New York: The John Day Company. Durant, W. (1953). The Renaissance: A history of civilization in Italy from 1304-1576 A.D. New York: Simon and Schuster. Gowing, L. (1983). A biographical dictionary of artists. New York: Facts on File, Inc. Magill, F. N. (1989). Great lives from history: Renaissance to 1900 series. (Vol. 1). Pasadena, California: Salem Press. Milani, J. (1996, March 7). Botticelli to Tiepolo. The Tampa Tribune, pp. 1. Moffat, A. (1999, December 6). A picture doesn’t tell the whole story. New Statesman, Vol. 128 Issue 4464, 53. Stapleford, R. (1994, March). Intellect and intuition in Botticelli’s Saint Augustine. Art Bulletin, Vol. 76 Issue 1, 69. Harden, M. and Gerten-Jackson, C. Botticelli, Sandro [12 paragraphs]. Retrieved March 08, 2001 from World Wide Web: <a href="http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/pain/auth/bottice">http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/pain/auth/bottice

An Economic Intrepration Of Th :: essays research papers fc

Economics is a way of life: The Lottery is not A lottery is something that many people would be very excited to win. Most people think of a huge cash reward for winning a lottery. The thought of millions of dollars being awarded just because they picked your name is very exciting. In most cases, the possibility of winning one of these great lotteries is very slim; you would have a better chance of being hit by lightning. Shirley Jackson writes about a lottery that took place in a small farming community consisting of a meager 300 people. The probability of winning this lottery is good; you would have a one in three hundred chance of winning. The lottery is there to insure the season’s crops. If you were “lucky'; enough to be chosen, you would be sacrificed to the gods. This sacrifice would involve the townspeople directing you towards the middle of a circle and proceeding to throw rocks at you until death. Everybody seems happy with the results of this yearly tradition until they are chosen for the stoning. Before the lottery, people are joking and gathering like it was a party. Once the “lucky'; participant has been chosen their cries of compromise are let out and this has no effect on the crowd at hand. Being one of the stoners, you are unwilling to recognize the screams of pain and the sights of blood. This sacrifice ensures the town’s economic success and their ability to feed the families. Crops are the lives of these families and if they fail there may not be enough food to feed this small town.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Killing one person a year to theoretically save the lives of three hundred people does not seem that bad. Sure the town’s people may follow this cruel tradition blindly, but how are they to know if the sacrifice is actually saving their crops or not? They keep on with their traditions because one bad year could wipe out the whole town. This town is run on economic success and a tradition that is not to be broken. The ability to follow cruel traditions without any remorse for the damage that has been done has a type of cult mentality. The economic well-being for this town is important, but is it important enough to follow a 100 year old tradition which, logically, does not help the crop condition one bit?

Race Relations Essay

Humanity has been enduring an ongoing battle for centuries: the strained relations among the races. Despite efforts to put the past behind, signs remain at nearly every juncture that there still exists a strong sense of racial dissension. While many Caucasians do not see the problem being as severe as it is represented, African-Americans angrily reply that the lighter skinned race has not had to endure such prejudice and, therefore, cannot begin to identify with the situation. Frank Newport, vice president of the Gallup Poll Organization, says Caucasian Americans do not interpret racism as a big problem, therefore, they do not see a need for â€Å"government intervention† (Anonymous, 1997; 04A). Similarly, Asians, Hispanics and other United States minorities believe they often receive unfair treatment because of their race. However, President Clinton and several organizations — including the National Multicultural Institute, whose main focus is to â€Å"sort out the jumble of expectations and fears that swirl around the initiative’s struggle to reconcile ethnicity and difference with the notion of one American nation† (Green, 1998; PG) — are pushing hard to mend racial tension with a comprehensive program that is designed to bring all races together. Will it work? Or will minorities look upon the effort as nothing more than a Band-Aid covering a much larger issue? To some extent, concepts such as affirmative action have their place in society, yet they will do nothing to alter an individual’s perception of one race or another. In the past, children’s racial viewpoints have routinely been shaped by their parents’ perceptions. This is precisely how racial prejudice is passed down from generation to generation. However, today’s teens appear to be breaking free of the antiquated procession by voicing their own opinions about race relations. While racial hate crimes continue to run rampant, the newer generation tends to believe there is less interracial tension than do their parents (Farley, 1997). What has instigated this considerably lax attitude among the younger generation is not quite clear; yet a TIME/CNN poll has discovered that the adolescent population is far more forgiving of racial prejudices than their adult counterparts. Of twelve hundred, eighty-two adults and six hundred one teenagers aged twelve to seventeen; the younger sect demonstrated a considerable amount of racial tolerance toward one another when compared with the older respondents (Farley, 1997). If given the opportunity, children and young adults will not adopt negative views of other races if they are not placed in such an environment that encourages such thought. However, with the deep-seated hatred that has been bred into so many generations, it has become difficult for some of those prejudice intentions not to trickle down the family line. Yet the TIME/CNN poll was instrumental in establishing that a good number of adolescence of all races have successfully â€Å"moved beyond their parents’ views of race† (Farley, 1997; 88+). To the kids with such an open mind, race is no more important to them in either a social or personal level; yet it is not to be overlooked that these same respondents were still able to recognize the fact that racism was one of America’s biggest problems today. Even so, over one-third said the problem — though it exists — is insignificant (Farley, 1997; 88+). As it relates to their own lives, eighty-nine percent of the African-American adolescents who responded said the problem was small or did not exist at all. Amazingly, the Caucasian respondents – both young and old — considered racism a more â€Å"dominant issue† (Farley, 1997; 88+) than did the African-American adolescent respondents. What does that say about the varying impressions of race relations? Depending upon which race is viewing the issue, it appears the seriousness of the problem could be considerably damaging or an insignificant obstacle. Still, optimism is high that the younger generation deems race relations as being in good standing. This may be a â€Å"sign of hope† (Farley, 1997; 88+) or nothing more than â€Å"youthful naivete† (88+); regardless, it demonstrates a long awaited shift in the social climate relating to race relations and its consequences. Sociologist Joe R. Feagin says the answer may lie with both options. His interpretation of the lack of adolescent racism is that reality has not fully set in for those who have not yet experienced the real world. â€Å"You have to be out looking for jobs and housing to know how much discrimination is out there† (Farley, 1997; 88+). Feagin contends that those who have a better grasp of racial reality are those who are over the age of nineteen. Reasoning behind this is that comparatively few African-American teenage respondents said they had been victimized by discrimination; contrarily, half of the African-American adults admitted they had (Farley, 1997). Experts are concerned that adolescents are being too gullible when it comes to realizing the truth of the matter. Others contend that perhaps they are willfully setting a precedence for others to follow that will ultimately initiate a genuine improvement in race relations. It is not as though contemporary teenagers do not have knowledge of history and its negative treatment of minority races; rather, it appears they have more faith in their own future than their parents did before them. Additionally, today’s youth are trying to move away from the typical â€Å"scapegoating† (Farley, 1997; 88+) that has become so commonplace in society. Suspicions arise with poll results, however, in that they do not always reflect the truth; many people are more apt to give â€Å"socially acceptable† (Farley, 1997; 88+) answers rather than what is truly in their hearts. Yet this is not likely to be the contention of teenagers who, for the most part, speak more freely and true to form than adults. A believer in this concept is sociologist Howard Pinderhuges, author of Race in the Hood: Conflict and Violence Among Urban Youth, who firmly contends that teenagers are genuine. â€Å"Teenagers are a mirror of our souls. They speak plainly about things that adults would like to hide. Political correctness isn’t an issue to them. You’re more likely to get what they think unfiltered† (Farley, 1997; 88+). Still, through all this optimism, there exists an invisible boundary line that, even though race relations seem to be improving, keeps the races separated. Seventeen-year-old Danny, one of the TIME/CNN respondents, commented that his friends consisted more of African-Americans than Caucasians. This, in and of itself, was not as enlightening as was his admission of the fact that â€Å"we just talk in school† (Farley, 1997; 88+), not allowing the relationship to progress into one’s personal territory. It was a normal occurrence for none of Danny’s African-American friends to visit him at home or for him to go to theirs; the lines of separation were clearly drawn. Experts consider this to be accountable in large part to the amount of violence that takes place in the â€Å"crime-plagued housing projects† (Farley, 1997; 88+) where many of his friends live. The situation is far from unusual. Even among African-American youths, the interpretation of neighborhood safety has its variations. According to the TIME/CNN poll, forty percent of African-American teenagers claim to have known someone in their age group who has been killed, whereas just fifteen percent of Caucasian teenagers said they had experienced the same. Interestingly, African-American youths believe they are treated unfairly by enforcement officers, while one-third believe they are â€Å"at risk† (Farley, 1997; 88+) of receiving unfair treatment. Just one of five Caucasian youths feels the same. John Hope Franklin, head of President Clinton’s race relations task force, claims genuine racial betterment will not arrive until â€Å"you have improvement in the home conditions of kids of all kinds† (Farley, 1997; 88+). An intriguing informal study gives an indication of how racial difference runs deep within an individual’s psyche. Psychologist and author Beverly Tatum, who recently wrote Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria? , routinely poses the following question to psychology students: â€Å"I am _______. † What is most interesting about the answers she receives is the fact that Caucasian students fill in the blank with an adjective describing their personalities or characters, whereas students of other races are more apt to finish the sentence identifying their ethnicity. According to Tatum, such racial recognition is born out of adolescent peer pressure, â€Å"societal influences and self-reflection† (Farley, 1997; 88+). Polls are regularly put to use to determine the public climate on race relations. A recent USA TODAY survey of more than two thousand college freshmen from around the country reported that forty-five percent perceived race relations as having a positive stance within society; in all, two percent thought relations between African-Americans and Caucasians were excellent (Kohen, 1998; PG). A poll in The Independent, a British publication, noted that one-third of the Caucasians believed one should marry only within one’s race (Forna, 1998; 1, 2). Granted, views of younger generations may be quite a bit more diverse than those of the older sect, but those younger views are what will ultimately shape the future of the country. Being on campus allows people the opportunity to intermingle more frequently with those of other races, which may give them the false impression that the rest of the world is as friendly with one another as they are at school. Unlike out in the real world, campus life encourages the fraternization of racial groups, attempting to overthrow the narrow- mindedness often found on the streets of reality. Noel Barrion, Asian American Student Union president, observes this difference each and everyday he looks to see who is sitting next to one another in the school cafeteria. â€Å"Racial discrimination is out there. People just aren’t aware† (Kohen, 1998; PG). Barrion says the AASU works hard to bridge the gap that separates the races as they exist on campus. Naima Stevenson, Black Student Union President, says the solution to â€Å"combating racial discrimination† (Kohen, 1998; PG) is to keep the lines of communication as wide open as possible in order to â€Å"confront the complexity and richness of in the United States† (Delgado, 1997; 39A). Because of this forward moving attitude, the relationship between the two campus racial organizations is in good standing. Says Barrion: â€Å"The vehicle between us becoming friends is the desire to be involved† (Kohen, 1998; PG). Both Stevenson and Barrion admit to the difficulty of establishing just how much race relations have changed for the worse or better during their short stay at college, but they both have reason to remain positive that future change will be for the better. For Stevenson, looking back after several years to find a marked improvement in campus race relations would be ideal. They both believe that if relations continue in the manner they currently are, this would not be such an unexpected occurrence (Kohen, 1998; PG). However, it is not uncommon to find just the opposite opinion from other students. The USA TODAY poll revealed that far more African-Americans sense the negativity with regard to race relations than does any other race. Yet despite actions in place to bridge the racial gap, those like Barrion and Stevenson believe far more can be done than the efforts currently available on American college campuses. While the opportunity is there for expansion, there is just â€Å"not enough diversity on campus† (Kohen, 1998; PG). â€Å"It looks like it will still be the same problem going into the new millennium. There’s plenty of opportunity to meet someone of another culture or that you would have never known about before† (Kohen, 1998; PG). President Clinton has set his sights on bridging the racial gap in an effort to improve the country’s â€Å"deteriorating race relations† (McFeatters, 1997; 68). By using his clout as Chief Executive and standing behind the affirmative action policy, Clinton hopes to turn around some of the prejudice that continues to spread across the land. A speech he gave at the Million Man March in Texas in 1995 effectively forecasted America’s situation as one where an inordinate number of people â€Å"fear deep down inside that they’ll never quite be able to see each other as more than enemy faces, all of whom carry a sliver of bigotry in their hearts† (McFeatters, 1997; 68). Clinton contends that America must clean its house of racism; that â€Å"a house divided against itself cannot stand† (McFeatters, 1997; 68). While these words ring true, it is not clear as to what the President intends to do in the long run to curb racism in the United States. One thing he does propose is a more fair system of dispersing wage earnings among African-Americans, of who only one-fourth make upwards of thirty-five thousand dollars a year compared to one-half of all Caucasian Americans (McFeatters, 1997; 68). Speaking on the topic of integration, President Clinton agreed with Franklin who proposed the only way to clear the cloudy air of racism was to encourage â€Å"open and honest dialogue† (McFeatters, 1997; 68) among the races; that it was, indeed, the â€Å"critical first step† (68) in the direction of genuine racial integration. Other critics say it is time to â€Å"end the reliance on racism as an explanatory concept† (Wortham, 1996; 253) for all racial problems and â€Å"move beyond the black-white paradigm† (Gold, 1998; B-2) when the topic turns to race relations. â€Å"When we say true integration, we mean the opportunity of every American to develop to the fullest extent of his capacity. We mean that every individual regardless then of regardless of religion, regardless of ethnicity, every American has an opportunity, should have an opportunity to move forward as rapidly as his talents, his or her talents, and as rapidly as the opportunities open† (Page et al, 1998; PG). BIBLIOGRAPHY Introduction to Psychology; Inner Reality, Outer Reality in Diversity, Jennifer Iljas ISBN: 0-7575-2864-3 Anonymous (1997, June). Poll finds pessimism on status and future of U. S. race relations// Perceptions are black and white. Star Tribune, pp. 04A. Delgado, Richard; Perea, Juan F. (1997, November). Racism goes beyond black and white. Rocky Mountain News, pp. 39A. Farley, Christopher John (1997, November). Society: Kids and race: A new poll shows teenagers, black and white, have moved beyond their parents’ views of race. TIME, pp. 88+. Forna, Aminatta (1998, August). Bridge over troubled water. Independent on Sunday, pp. 1, 2. Gold, Matea (1998, February). L. A. shares its experiences with race relations panel; Diversity: Video points out what the city has learned and seeks to widen presidential advisory group’s discussion beyond black-white issues. Los Angeles Times, pp. B-2. Green, Sharon (1998, May). Washington, DC, President’s initiative on race: Progress. Talk of the Nation (NPR), pp. PG. Kohen, Rochelle (1998, February). USA Today survey reveals poor perception of race relations. University Wire, pp. PG. McFeatters, Ann (1997; May). Clinton hopes to close racial divide. Rocky Mountain News, pp. 68A. Page, Clarence; Hansen, Liane (1998, June). Race Initiative. Weekend Sunday (NPR),pp. PG. Wortham, Anne (1996, January). Distorting the Dilemma. The World & I, vol. 11, pp. 253.